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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a multifunctional peptide with critical biological roles. It regulates smooth muscle relaxation, promotes vasodilation, and supports healthy blood flow [1].
VIP gene also plays a vital role in modulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, improving respiratory function and the digestive system. Its therapeutic potential is being explored in treating inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis and Crohn’s disease, as well as respiratory conditions like pulmonary hypertension and asthma [2].
Additionally, VIP shows promise in neurological research due to its protective effects on neurons and potential in managing neurodegenerative disorders [3]. Its diverse actions make it a valuable focus in clinical and medical studies.
Molecular Formula: C147H237N43043S
Amino Acid Sequence: HSDAVFTDNYXRLRKQM AVKKYLNSXLN
Source: PubChem
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which are widely expressed in various tissues. This interaction activates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. Elevated cAMP levels trigger downstream signalling pathways that regulate a range of biological functions [4].
Through these pathways, VIP induces smooth muscle relaxation, facilitating proper gastrointestinal motility and vascular function. It also promotes vasodilation, enhancing blood flow and reducing blood pressure [1].
VIP plays a crucial role in immune modulation, reducing inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promoting anti-inflammatory responses [2]. At the molecular level, VIP influences gene expression and cellular processes that maintain tissue homeostasis and repair.
Furthermore, its neuroprotective properties are linked to its ability to shield neurons from oxidative stress and apoptosis. These mechanisms collectively showcase VIP’s potential in treating inflammatory diseases, respiratory conditions, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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VIP Peptide or Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide has been shown to have a vast number of benefits and potential applications during various clinical studies:
Regulates muscle relaxation
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) regulates smooth muscle relaxation by binding to VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors on target cells, activating adenylate cyclase. This increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, initiating signalling pathways that relax smooth muscle fibres.
In the gastrointestinal tract system, this relaxation ensures proper motility, aiding in the efficient movement of food and digestion.
Within the vascular system, VIP promotes vasodilation, improving blood flow and maintaining healthy blood pressure. These actions support gastrointestinal and vascular health, ensuring essential nutrients and oxygen are delivered throughout the body. [5]
Helps lower blood pressure
By inducing muscle relaxation, VIP Peptide widens the blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing resistance. By enhancing circulation, VIP ensures efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, supporting overall cellular function [6]. Additionally, vivo studies have found it helps lower blood pressure, reducing strain on the heart and minimizing cardiovascular risks. VIP’s vasodilatory effects are essential for maintaining cardiovascular health and optimizing the body’s physiological balance.
Reduces inflammation
VIP reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, while simultaneously boosting anti-inflammatory pathways. By binding to receptors on immune cells, VIP suppresses the activity of inflammatory signalling molecules and modulates immune cell behaviour, including T cells and macrophages [7]. This dual action helps control excessive inflammatory responses, preventing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. VIP’s ability to maintain immune balance makes it a promising therapeutic tool for treating inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, colitis, and respiratory disorders. By reducing inflammation, VIP supports overall health and helps restore tissue homeostasis [2].
Modulates the immune response
Research has shown that VIP modulates the immune system by balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. It achieves this through its interaction with receptors on immune cells, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha while boosting anti-inflammatory mediators. VIP also regulates the activity of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, promoting a more controlled immune response. These actions play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation, which can damage tissues. Its immune-modulatory effects make VIP a promising therapeutic candidate for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, helping to restore balance and support overall immune health [2].
Enhances respiratory function
Scientists have suggest that VIP peptide can improve respiratory function by relaxing airway smooth muscles and reducing inflammation in the lungs. By binding to specific receptors, VIP promotes bronchodilation, which expands the airways and decreases resistance, allowing for better airflow [8]. It also modulates immune responses in the respiratory tract, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviating inflammation. These actions make VIP a promising option for treating conditions like asthma and pulmonary hypertension, where restricted airflow and inflammation are common issues.
Potential treatment for selected neurological disorders
By interacting with receptors in the nervous system, VIP supports neuronal survival, reduces oxidative stress, and mitigates neuroinflammation, which are key factors in the progression of disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis [9]. It helps maintain neural health by regulating immune responses in the brain and protecting against cell damage. These actions contribute to improved cognitive function, reduced disease progression, and enhanced brain health.
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Can VIP Peptide improve sleep?
VIP peptide has been shown in vitro studies to have a sleep-promoting effect. It is involved in the regulation of sleep, particularly in promoting rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Studies suggest that VIP can enhance REM sleep and may play a role in overall sleep regulation.
Are there any associated adverse effects associated with VIP?
The potential adverse effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) include flushing, warm sensations, heart palpitations, cold sensations, low blood pressure, rash, dizziness, irritability, and headaches. Additionally, systemic administration of VIP can lead to cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects, such as a significant decrease in blood pressure [7].
Can you use distilled water to reconstitute a peptide?
Reconstituting peptides with distilled water is generally not recommended. Peptides are often sensitive to pH and may require a specific buffer or solvent to maintain stability and solubility. Using distilled water can lead to peptide degradation or incomplete dissolution. It’s best to follow the guidelines of using Bacteriostatic or Sterile water for clinical studies.
How can VIP help human digestion system?
Studies VIP analogues have found that it plays a crucial role in supporting the human digestive tract. The physiological effects of VIP have significant effects on the intestinal tract by relaxing the smooth muscles, which helps improve motility and the overall flow of digestive contents. Within the small intestine, VIP stimulates the secretion of water and electrolytes, aiding in proper digestion and nutrient absorption. It also influences the pancreas by promoting the release of digestive enzymes, further enhancing the breakdown of food and nutrient processing in the intestine.
The BPC-157 VIP peptide combo could offer a powerful synergy of healing and immune-modulating effects.
BPC-157 is renowned for its tissue repair and regeneration capabilities, enhancing wound healing and reducing damage to muscles, tendons, and ligaments. On the other hand, VIP regulates immune responses by reducing inflammation and promoting a balanced immune system.
Together, these peptides can accelerate recovery, reduce chronic inflammation, and foster better overall health. This combination holds promise for treating inflammatory diseases, tissue injuries, and neurological conditions, offering enhanced healing and protective benefits.
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[1] Iwasaki M, Akiba Y, Kaunitz JD. Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system. F1000Res. 2019 Sep 12;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1629.
[2] Martínez C, Juarranz Y, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, Carrión M, Pérez-García S, Villanueva-Romero R, Castro D, Lamana A, Mellado M, González-Álvaro I, Gomariz RP. A Clinical Approach for the Use of VIP Axis in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 20;21(1):65.
[3] Deng G, Jin L. The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurol Res. 2017 Jan;39(1):65-72.
[4] Cunha-Reis D, Ribeiro JA, de Almeida RFM, Sebastião AM. VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor activation on GABA release from hippocampal nerve terminals involve several different signalling pathways. Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;174(24):4725-4737.
[5] Pickard RS, Powell PH, Zar MA. Evidence against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as the relaxant neurotransmitter in human cavernosal smooth muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Feb;108(2):497-500.
[6] Henning RJ, Sawmiller DR. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: cardiovascular effects. Cardiovasc Res. 2001 Jan;49(1):27-37.
[7] Ganea D, Hooper KM, Kong W. The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide: direct effects on immune cells and involvement in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2015 Feb;213(2):442-52.
[8] Wu D, Lee D, Sung YK. Prospect of vasoactive intestinal peptide therapy for COPD/PAH and asthma: a review. Respir Res. 2011 Apr 11;12(1):45.
[9] Elodie Kip, Louise C. Parr-Brownlie, Reducing neuroinflammation via therapeutic compounds and lifestyle to prevent or delay progression of Parkinson’s disease, Ageing Research Reviews, Volume 78, 2022, 101618.
Understanding the Synergistic Effects of KPV and BPC-157 Peptide Combination
Exploring the synergistic effects of combining KPV and BPC-157 peptides. These peptides are noted for their healing benefits, particularly in treating gastrointestinal disorders like inflammatory bowel disease and peptic ulcers.
The combination is also beneficial for joint and muscle injuries, and central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The article highlights the potential of this peptide duo in promoting tissue repair and reducing inflammation, making it a promising area for further research in medical treatments.
VIP Peptide: Enhancing Gastrointestinal Function
This blog discusses the role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in enhancing gastrointestinal function.
It highlights VIP’s potential as a therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), due to its ability to modulate muscle activity and reduce inflammation. The article emphasizes the peptide’s promising role in improving digestive health and managing complex gastrointestinal conditions.
Unveiling the Protective Power of NAD+ Against Alzheimer’s Disease
This article explains how NAD+ helps maintain neuronal function by improving mitochondrial efficiency and activating sirtuins for cellular repair.
Recent studies suggest that boosting NAD+ levels can improve cognitive function and reduce Alzheimer’s pathological markers. The blog underscores NAD+’s potential as a therapeutic agent, offering hope for new treatments in combating this neurodegenerative disease.
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